Cervical Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is one of the most preventable forms of cancer because it often develops slowly and can be detected early through regular screening.
What Causes Cervical Cancer?
The primary cause of cervical cancer is a persistent infection with certain high-risk types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
HPV is a very common virus that spreads through sexual contact. In most people, the immune system clears the infection naturally. However, when high-risk HPV strains—particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18—remain in the body for many years, they can cause abnormal cell changes that may eventually develop into cervical cancer.
Additional Risk Factors
Having multiple sexual partners
Becoming sexually active at a young age
A weakened immune system
Smoking
Not receiving regular cervical cancer screenings
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
In its early stages, cervical cancer often causes no noticeable symptoms. This is why routine screening is so important.
As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
Unusual vaginal bleeding between periods
Bleeding after sexual intercourse
Bleeding after menopause
Abnormal vaginal discharge
Pelvic pain or lower abdominal discomfort
Pain during sexual intercourse
Anyone experiencing these symptoms should consult a healthcare professional for evaluation.
How to Prevent Cervical Cancer
The good news is that cervical cancer is highly preventable.
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